A major new report from the US Department of Defense, released on December 24, 2025, has raised serious concerns for India’s national security. The report, submitted to the US Congress, reveals that China has officially labeled Arunachal Pradesh as a “core interest.” This puts the Indian state on the same priority level as Taiwan and the South China Sea in Beijing’s eyes.
What is a “Core Interest”?
In Chinese diplomacy, a “core interest” is something Beijing considers non-negotiable. This means they are not willing to compromise or discuss giving up their claim. By including Arunachal Pradesh (which China calls “South Tibet” or Zangnan) in this list, the report suggests that China’s stance on the border is becoming much tougher.
According to the Times of India, this is part of China’s “Great Rejuvenation” plan for 2049. They want to “reunify” all territories they claim to create a powerful, world-class nation. The report warns that, although the border has been quiet recently, China may be planning to open a new front of tension in the Eastern sector.
Key Takeaways from the 2025 Pentagon Report
No Compromise: China now views its claim over Arunachal as essential to its national identity, just like Taiwan.
Military Buildup: The report notes that China is building “dual-use” villages and roads near the Line of Actual Control (LAC) to strengthen its presence.
Support for Pakistan: China continues to give high-tech weapons, like J-10C fighter jets and submarines, to Pakistan. Experts say this is a strategy to keep India busy on two different borders.
US-India Ties: The US believes China is trying to reduce border tensions temporarily to stop India from becoming even closer partners with the United States.
“China’s leadership has extended the term ‘core interest’ to cover Taiwan and China’s sovereignty claims amid territorial disputes… and the northeastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.” — Pentagon Annual Report 2025
India’s Reaction
Indian officials remain skeptical of China’s motives despite recent agreements to move troops back in some areas. India has heavily guarded the Tawang sector and other parts of Arunachal Pradesh with high-density troop placements and advanced weapon systems. Former diplomats suggest that this US report shows the world is finally noticing China’s “arm-twisting” tactics against India.
