A comprehensive new demographic study has sparked intense global debate by revealing that the Muslim population surged by 347 million individuals in just a single decade. This rapid expansion positions Islam as the fastest-growing major religion on the planet, outpacing the growth rates of all other faith groups combined.
Researchers and policymakers are now analyzing how these shifting numbers will influence cultural and political landscapes through 2026 and beyond, with the official report findings finalized on January 3, 2026.
Global Religious Landscape: The 347 Million Muslim Population Surge
The latest data highlights a seismic shift in the global religious balance, primarily driven by high fertility rates and a youthful age profile within Muslim-majority regions. While the total number of Muslims reached approximately 2 billion by the start of this decade, the Hindu population has maintained a steady but slower growth trajectory.
In India, the demographic mix continues to evolve as the Hindu share of the population slightly adjusted from its historical 80% mark. Experts suggest that the median age for Muslims, which remains nearly nine years younger than the global average, ensures this upward trend will continue for the foreseeable future.
Global statistics from various research bodies indicate that India is on track to host the largest Muslim population of any country by 2050, potentially surpassing Indonesia. Despite the massive 347 million increase in adherents worldwide, the actual rate of religious conversion remains low, as most growth stems from natural birth rates.
“Islam has become a major demographic force that is reshaping the modern world’s social fabric,” noted one lead researcher during the study’s presentation. These findings underline the need for long-term planning in infrastructure, education, and social services to accommodate the rapidly changing needs of these growing communities.
According to Pew Research Center, these shifts are largely a result of varying fertility trends across different religious denominations.
Hindu Population in India and the AatmaNirbhar Demographic
India remains the primary home for the global Hindu community, with nearly 95% of all Hindus residing within its borders. While the Hindu population grew by approximately 12% in absolute numbers over the last decade, its relative share in the national census has declined by about 0.1% to 1%.
