Central Bank Digital Currencies, also known as CBDCs, are the most recent and innovative practice employed by central banks in various countries. As the name implies, they are issued by central bank entities with the intention of creating a more digital and borderless environment in the local economy. They share similar tendencies with stablecoins but have several distinctions. Stablecoins are decentralized cryptocurrencies tied to various fiat currencies or other stable commodities like gold. Unlike stablecoins, CBDCs are not decentralised, as central authorities must govern and manage them.
Why Did Central Banks Start Adopting the CBDCs?
The reason behind the newly developed interest in CBDCs can be divided into four main factors:
- Cash consumption has decreased radically in recent years as customers prefer managing their finances digitally.
- Privately issued digital assets have become increasingly more popular as an investment opportunity.
- CBDCs enable central banks to regain relevance in the public eye.
Finally, as payment systems become more widely adopted worldwide, CBDCs allow banks to control money circulation more conveniently. Several countries adopted this model in the last two years, showcasing their openness to implement cutting-edge payment solutions nationwide.
What Does 2023 Hold for CBDC Development?
According to the Atlantic Council think group, more than 100 sovereign entities are considering adopting CBDCs. Eleven countries have already commenced their implementation. The notable success case is China, with its newly issued digital currency exceeding $14 Billion in circulation.
Other countries have examined the CBDC alternative but reconsidered their plans. The most fascinating and influential development in the digital currency niche is India’s e-rupee test launch, which could have positive implications for the entire Asian region. India’s G-20 chairmanship entails that the successful e-rupee launch could persuade other G-20 members to consider adopting CBDCs.
Conversely, the Bank of England stated they have no plans to develop any versions of CBDCS. However, BOE also highlighted their openness to integrating digital currencies of other countries and adhering to the global trends in this sector. In 2023, BOE examined the potential needs of developing a digital pound. After careful consideration, there are no signs that BOE will look into developing digital point solutions anytime soon.
Potential Advantages of CBDCs
Digital finance experts believe that CBDCs can address many challenges: the inefficiency of fiat solutions, the lack of security features and the overall convenience of using physical currencies. They could minimise transaction expenses, eliminate processing delays and fortify the security of financial assets. However, CBDCs are still untested and require further research to fit the distinct needs of various sovereign entities. There will be numerous challenges in adopting CBDCs, as multiple parties are comfortable with the current system. Persuading these market participants will be essential to create a robust digital currency ecosystem.